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Once the money changed hands, the Mae Sai agent often arranged through the local police to send the woman or girl, usually with two or three other new recruits, sometimes with as many as ten, in a truck or van directly to a brothel or to another agent at a way station en route to Bangkok -- usually Chiangrai. Often it is mischaracterized as prostitution or is dismissed as an abuse perpetrated Prostitutes Ranong private individuals for which states Prostitutes Ranong no responsibility under international human rights law. Soldiers and police at Victory Point on the Burmese side of the border receive substantial sums of money from the gangs and so make no arrests or interference.

Like much of southern Thailand, it under goes two monsoons. Source: Patcharawalai Wongboonsin et al. The majority Nevertheless, a number of migrant workers from Myanmar entered Ranong on a clandestine basis through certain parts of the mountainous border area. Nevertheless, there were onlypeoples returning to Myanmar. There were 6, migrants from Myanmar being repatriated during January to December Others have entered the territory, 9 and 10 years earlier.

It was the first time to have entered Thailand for 10 of them compared to two having been to Thailand several time already. The latter were mostly acquaintance or friends who had come to work as sex workers in Thailand, and returned to their place of origin several Prostitutes Ranong to pursue persuasion and recruitment mission. Most of them made their own decision to come to work in Thailand, compared to one by Prostitutes Ranong family.

The reasons behind the decision included the following:. In the place of origin: unemployment, low wages, insufficient income to support a big family. In Thailand: Prostitutes Ranong information given by the traffickers about better income and working conditions. My friend came to Thailand for a long time. Last year, she told me to come to Thailand and work with her.

My friend said that it Prostitutes Ranong a good work place, Prostitutes Ranong job, good employer and that I could have free Prostitutes Ranong for shopping. After that I decided to come to Thailand with her. When I came to Ranong, I found that Prostitutes Ranong was cheated by the friend to work as a prostitute.

But I had no money to get back and the employer forced me to do it because the employer had paid to my friend around 5, Baht. I had no choice to avoid doing this job. Som, fictitious name, 17, Burmese women, interviewed on Dec. They finally ended up in a brothel in Ranong. I was bought from Chiang Kung. A broker told my parent that I would be taken to work in Thailand and that I would have a good income. Given that the family was poor, I decided to come to Thailand with the broker.

At first, I thought that I would be working as a domestic worker in a premise of the Thai people. I was instead brought to work in this brothel. At first, I resisted in sexual services. Yet, the pimps said that my parents had sold me to them; that my parents had got the money from them already; and that they had advanced for my travel, accommodation, and food. Altogether, they had spent Prostitutes Ranong ten thousands baht for me to be here. If I wanted to leave here, I had to pay them back all the money first.

I myself had no money to return home at all. So, I Prostitutes Ranong no other choice but to do the job. Yu — fictitious name, 19, Burmese women, interviewed on Dec. From Yangon city to Kawthaung by airplane, followed by a boat from Kawthaung in Myanmar to a fishery pier called Tha Saphan Pla in Ranong, Thailand, then by a motocycle or taxi to the workplace in Ranong. From Mawlanyine to Kawthaung by a bus to cross the sea by a boat to Tha Saphan Pla in Ranong, Thailand, then by a motocycle or taxi to the workplace in Ranong.

From Dawei to Mawlanyine to Kawthaung by a bus to cross the sea by a boat to Tha Saphan Pla in Ranong, Thailand, then by a motocycle or taxi to the workplace in Ranong. There is Prostitutes Ranong Thai Immigration Prostitutes Ranong on Kawthaung. Photographed by Prostitutes Ranong Laodumrongchai, on December 15, Tha Saphan Pla, a pier in Ranong where most of fishery and commecial boats lie up. Migrant workers tends to Prostitutes Ranong to this Prostitutes Ranong.

They found no problem nor obstacle in their trip from the place of origin in Prostitutes Ranong. Some of them were investigated by the Thai immigration authority before the border pass being issued to enter Ranong. Besides coming to Rayong, some of the group went beyond to other provinces, including Samutsakorn and Bangkok. This was either by local transportation or on foot through the forest and the mountains in Prostitutes Ranong district of Ranong, called Kraburi, so as to get transportaion to other Prostitutes Ranong.

The transportation to those other places in Thailand could be a bus, van, boat, motorcycle and taxi. Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation into Southern Thailand. This covered transportation, a border pass and recruitment fees. Most of the expanditures were for transportation. For example, they had to pay Prostitutes Ranong 6, baht for airfare from Yangon to Kawthaung, 50 baht to travel by boat, and 20 baht for the motorcycle.

For the border pass, it was 1, baht. Some of the latter had formed themselves into an informal recruitment agency. Not all of them had to pay Prostitutes Ranong the recruiters; but it was the employer who paid for it, and deduced the money from the sex workers.

She is Burmese who was working in Thailand several years ago. She told me that Prostitutes Ranong would be responsible for all expenses incurred to me and told me that they are 12, baht.

When I work at this place, half of the money when I got from customers is deducted. For example, if I got baht, I had to give Prostitutes Ranong to employer.

The employer told me that income deduction would be over Prostitutes Ranong the deduction reach 12, baht. Yuyu, fiticious name, Burmese women, interviewed on December 14, at an unidentified address number, Paknum subdistrict, Muang district, Ranong. Direct sex services: This refered to the services rendered to customers in sex service houses. The price ranged Prostitutes Ranong to baht.

The direct service workers in Ramong were mostly from Myanmar. Indirect sex services: This refered to the services Prostitutes Ranong to customers via entertainment places, such as Karaoke shop, beer bars, etc.

The price ranged from to 1, baht. Besides those from Myanmar, there were indirect service workers from Laos in Ranong. Figure 5: Sex industry area in Ranong.

Anti-Slavery International estimated that more than of the prostitutes in Ranong are Burmese girls and women who have been forced into this work. Phone numbers of Skank Ranong Thailand Ranong Prostitutes Ranong. Feel free to give our address: French Save my name, email, and website in.

They included beating, scolding, and cursing. They were mostly against undisciplined sex workers, Prostitutes Ranong like to Prostitutes Ranong over their mobile phone while working. No serious Prostitutes Ranong were identified. No abuses against non-services were identified as well. She found it was alright to both the brothel owner and the clients for her to continue sexual services, as long as a condom was used, regular treatment were obtained with a treatment card to show before providing sexual services.

Later on, I told the boss that I would tell my clients of my problem and that I would always use a condom.

She thought she was supposed to receive a third of the income from her clients, but when she was arrested after two months, all of her share was still going to pay off the debt.

So, the boss let me do the job. The CSD arrested about twenty-seven girls, but no owners or pimps. The brothel was closed at the time, and the police came to the houses where the women and girls were staying and arrested them. They were not allowed to get Prostitutes Ranong of their belongings and "Lin Lin" only had the clothes she was wearing.

She was first brought to the Klong Yai police station and transferred the Prostitutes Ranong day to a police station in Bangkok.

The next day she was released to the NGO shelter with eleven others under the age of sixteen. Some clients used condoms, but sometimes the condoms broke; other clients refused to use them.

She said she was tested several times for AIDS but was never told the Prostitutes Ranong. She came to Thailand when she was seventeen years old with a friend who had worked in Bangkok before and invited her to go back with her.

An hour later, "Nyi Nyi" and the friend left in a truck driven by a policeman to Chiangrai. The policeman was in uniform, carried Prostitutes Ranong walkie talkie, and "Nyi Nyi" assumed he had a gun.

There were many police checkpoints between Mae Sai and Chiangrai. The policeman took them to a hotel and told them to wait until the agent came to collect them. Shortly thereafter, Prostitutes Ranong friend escaped, leaving "Nyi Nyi" alone and frightened. She said she thought about how her brother used to tease her that she was so quiet and easily fooled that one day, someone would sell her.

He was right, she thought. She assumed it was simply a gift to her family while she was away. The owner bought many things for her in the beginning and told her they were all "free," but Prostitutes Ranong she learned every purchase had been added to her debt.

Everything she ate Prostitutes Ranong used in the brothel was added to her bill. She never knew how much she owed or the terms for repaying it. She knew that there was a chance that at the end of the two years, she might have nothing to show for her work.

She took days off only when she had her period. Very occasionally, she said, she refused men who were very drunk and dirty, but the brothel owner had a good heart and never beat her.

Every Prostitutes Ranong around a. She used her tip money for expenses and gave all her extra money to the owner Prostitutes Ranong keep safe, so that she could eventually take it home. She could go out of the brothel to buy food, but she never ventured very far, nor did she ever dare to Prostitutes Ranong to anyone.

She was always afraid the police Prostitutes Ranong arrest her. She could not speak Thai, could not read or write and did not know where she was in Prostitutes Ranong or how to get back home. If she had money, she thought, she could probably hire someone to take her away from the brothel, but she had none.

There was no telephone at the brothel, and "Nyi Nyi" would not have known how to use one if there was. The policemen were always in and around the brothel and knew Prostitutes Ranong owner well. They often chose girls to take to the rooms but never "Nyi Nyi" -- fortunately, she said, because she was afraid of them. The owner had promised her that she could go home for Songkran the Thai and Burmese new year in Aprilbut she was arrested first.

On July 12, at p. Prostitutes Ranong took one girl upstairs, then came down and closed all the doors.

Phone numbers of Skank Ranong Thailand Ranong Prostitutes Ranong. Feel free to give our address: French Save my name, email, and website in. Trafficking of Burmese Women and Girls Into Brothels in Thailand Dorothy Q. Thomas, and Ranong, in southern Thailand across from Kawthaung.

Between fifty Prostitutes Ranong sixty girls and Prostitutes Ranong were arrested, together with one pimp. At the police station, the arrested girls and women Prostitutes Ranong told that the owner had called and offered to bail them out but that they would be taken back to Burma instead. The police asked each of those arrested for her name, age and address and Prostitutes Ranong them all Prostitutes Ranong they could go home in two or three days.

Later the same night, "Nyi Nyi" and the others were transferred to Pakkret, a reformatory for prostitutes set up under the Anti-Prostitution Act of For most of the six months she was there, "Nyi Nyi" was sick with a high fever.

She had no way to communicate with anyone outside, since she was illiterate. In any case, since only visitors with identification cards and permission could visit detainees at Pakkret, none of Prostitutes Ranong Nyi's" friends would have come, since they were also illegal immigrants.

She said she would like to know if she was HIV positive so she could use condoms to prevent spreading the disease, although she has never seen Prostitutes Ranong condoms in Burma and does not know if they are available. She was frequently sick and when we interviewed her, she Prostitutes Ranong lost over thirty-three pounds in six months. She never had an injection or met a doctor before she came to Thailand and never knew what to do when she was sick.

The only health care she received was medicine taken from the shelf in the brothel on the advice of other girls and women there. I am so embarrassed and ashamed. She came Prostitutes Ranong Thailand when she was seventeen years old with two other friends to find work as maids or laundresses. She did not tell her parents she was going to leave the village because she knew they would not agree. Her friend had five silver coins.

Prostitution Of Women in Burma | Internationale der KriegsdienstgegnerInnen

They took a car to Mae Sai and had Prostitutes Ranong pay all baht they had plus three silver coins. Once in Mae Sai, a Burmese man asked Prostitutes Ranong where they were going and warned them they could be arrested by police.

He said he could help them find work. They agreed to refuse his offer and try to find Saen Sai Lu, a place known back in their village for its employment possibilities. By the end Prostitutes Ranong the day, after they had been unable to find Prostitutes Ranong, the same Burmese man reappeared, and they agreed to put themselves in his hands. They were then put in a van with two other girls and taken Bangkok via Phayao. They passed through many police Prostitutes Ranong but were never stopped.

She still had no idea she was being tricked, because she and her two friends were taken to be maids at the agent's house. At the end of the week, all three were brought to the brothel. Afterwards, her head was bleeding badly; she said she remembered little else.

Prostitutes Ranong owner and agents were always warning Prostitutes Ranong not to go out because she would get stolen or arrested. She had no idea where she was or how to get home. She could not speak or read Thai. The owner and agents kept telling her to stop crying because the police would hear her. She felt helpless. Her parents had told her that something like this could happen if she left the village, but she did not believe them.

The other girls tried to comfort her by saying that they had worked in the brothel for a few years already and that everything would be all right. The first phase of the illicit trade in Burmese women and girls is Prostitutes Ranong recruitment and sale into brothels throughout Thailand where Prostitutes Ranong are compelled to prostitute themselves under conditions tantamount to Prostitutes Ranong.

The actions of the recruiting agent and the brothel owners are clearly in violation not only of international standards on trafficking and forced labor, but also of domestic Thai laws prohibiting trafficking and prostitution. Yet for the most part, these laws are not enforced. In her pathbreaking study of Burmese women in Thai brothels, Hnin Hnin Pyne classified Prostitutes Ranong subjects by their means of entry into prostitution: voluntary, bonded and involuntary.

All but one of the women we interviewed for this report were lured from their homes on a promise of economic benefits. But data from other sources, including police records, indicate that in Ranong in particular, the use of physical force to procure women and girls is common.

We interviewed thirty Burmese women and girls in depth, twenty-six of whom had been trafficked into Thailand through Prostitutes Ranong Sai, one who had come through Mae Sot, and three who had been brought in through Ranong. Of the thirty, nineteen had parents or guardians who were peasant farmers or Prostitutes Ranong laborers. They ranged in age from twelve to twenty-two, with the average age around seventeen; only four had ever been to school and could read or write in their own language.

The process of recruitment by agents working for Prostitutes Ranong owners is necessarily covert, because of laws restricting the freedom of Burmese citizens to leave their country and laws in both Thailand and Burma making prostitution a crime. The brothel owners thus rely on a network of "small agents" and "big agents", acting in concert -- and for a price -- with Thai and Burmese officials to keep a steady supply of Burmese girls coming across the border. The lure for the Burmese Prostitutes Ranong is the chance to escape from poverty.

Twenty-nine Prostitutes Ranong the thirty women and girls interviewed deliberately set out to earn money in Thailand for Prostitutes Ranong or their families. Only four of these knew when they set out from home that they would be involved in some form of prostitution. Of the twenty-five Prostitutes Ranong, eighteen thought they would be working as maids, cooks, laundresses, waitresses or some other job that required few skills.

Like seventeen-year-old Prostitutes Ranong Tin" who was invited by a friend to go to Chiangrai to make flowers, or sixteen-year-old "Tar Tar" who was brought to Thailand by a teacher on the promise of making enough money to buy a traditional dress, most were Prostitutes Ranong by the promise of an opportunity to help their parents or simply to escape from the grimness of their own surroundings.

One day two women came to the village while "Par" was on her way to the fields. They talked to her about how much better it would be to live in the city and work. So her father did not go and her mother cried, because "Par" was her only daughter. Ah Daw [the agent] told her that the daughter would be fine. She would Prostitutes Ranong taking care of children and would get to go to school.

Ah Daw's husband Prostitutes Ranong and said the same thing. Finally, "Par's" parents believed Ah Daw. Ah Daw told her that she would study Thai for a month, then learn to speak Thai, make necklaces, take care of children. In only two Prostitutes Ranong we investigated did the girls return voluntarily to prostitution after they had been returned home.

In one case, the girl believed that since she had lost her virginity anyway, she might as well earn money for her family. In the other case, the shame of being known in her village as having worked as a prostitute was too great, and she, too, decided to help her family by going Prostitutes Ranong.

In only one case out of Prostitutes Ranong thirty we investigated directly was a girl lured from her Prostitutes Ranong on other than a promise of economic prosperity. A man from Bing Nong had come to the family's house to Prostitutes Ranong them that their daughter there was sick.

The family agreed to send "Htet Htet" to visit.

Of the thirty girls and women, eleven had been brought into Thailand by family members. The network for finding work in Thailand appears to be well-known in the rural areas of Burma that supply Prostitutes Ranong women and girls. Prostitutes Ranong knew, for example, to take their daughters or sisters Prostitutes Ranong the "Mekong shop" in Mae Sai or to a particularly well-known agent or to a certain temple. In some cases, women who have returned from Thailand provided the information to potential recruits.

In other cases, relatives who live in or near Mae Sai knew the agents and directed the new recruits to them. Of the remaining nineteen women and girls, eight were recruited by women returning from the brothels, who saw their escape as contingent on their ability to find successors. Prostitutes Ranong women were likely to reinforce the belief at home that they had worked as waitresses or maids in Thailand to save face.

They would emphasize the cash rewards rather than the abuse. Four of our interviewees were recruited by someone known to them in the village, such as a teacher, who was operating as a "small agent" for the "big agent" in Mae Sai.

Two set out for the border themselves, without knowing anyone at the other end. It is unclear how the remaining women were recruited. For all but two of the twenty-six Burmese women and girls trafficked through Mae Prostitutes Ranong, the cash transaction that sealed the recruit's fate took place in the town of Mae Sai itself, the point of Prostitutes Ranong into Thailand.

In the other two cases, the Prostitutes Ranong agent" made direct payments to the girl's family in her village. It is not clear whether this payment was understood by the recipient as a recruitment fee, a gift, a purchase of the woman or girlreimbursement for travel expenses or a cash advance to buy clothes and other necessities.

The terms of Prostitutes Ranong payment were never explained to the woman or girl. It only became clear once she was in the Prostitutes Ranong that the owner perceived it Prostitutes Ranong credit against future earnings that she must work off, with interest. The Prostitutes Ranong was to be kept in thrall to the brothel owner until the additional loan was paid off. Once the money changed hands, the Mae Sai agent often arranged through the local police to send the woman or girl, usually with two Prostitutes Ranong three other new recruits, sometimes with as many as ten, in a truck or van directly to a brothel or to another agent at a way station en route to Bangkok -- usually Chiangrai.

Of those we interviewed, Prostitutes Ranong ended up in Bangkok. Sexual Abuse in the Course of Recruitment. Even before they reach the brothels, the women and girls are subject to sexual abuse, including rape. In general, rapes during recruitment may be discouraged by the fact that virginity increases the value of the girls and women to a Prostitutes Ranong owner -- Prostitutes Ranong thus, presumably, to the recruiting agent who supplies him or her.

When "Chit Chit", for example, left her village in Taichelek in at the age of eighteen, she Prostitutes Ranong taken directly to a policeman named Bu Muad in Mae Sai who himself was the brothel agent. Another agent drove the truck. The two women stayed for eleven days with the policeman and his wife, who lived in Chiangrai, before going on Prostitutes Ranong Mae Lim, in Chiangmai, where the brothel was.

While they were in Chiangrai, the policeman raped "Chit Chit" while his wife and the other woman were at the market. He warned her that if she ever told anyone, he would beat her. She was afraid of him because Prostitutes Ranong always carried his gun. According to "Chit Chit", this policeman was a regular visitor to the brothel in Chiangmai, beating girls for the owner if they did not cooperate or were recalcitrant in any way.

She agreed to go, as long as she could bring a friend with her. The two women and Ye Htun stopped en Prostitutes Ranong to Tavoy at Moulmein where they stayed in a guesthouse for two days. On the second night, according to "Kyi Kyi", Ye Htun raped her. She had been taken by an agent from Mae Sai to Chiangrai and flown Prostitutes Ranong there to Hat Yai, a trading town on the Thai-Malaysian border, with a woman escort and two other girls.

Prostitutes Ranong there she was sent with a driver to Songkhla, only to be raped by the driver en route. After three days in Songkhla, she was arrested and Prostitutes Ranong back to Hat Yai where she tried to escape. She was captured Prostitutes Ranong detained first in Songkhla and then in the IDC, and was widely believed to be "crazy.

Girls and women are also subjected to various forms of sexual abuse short of rape. When "Tar Tar's" teacher first brought her to the agent in Mae Sai Prostitutes Ranong was taken into a separate room.

The agent said he had to check her virginity -- "Tar Prostitutes Ranong said he did so by touching her breasts and crotch to see "how sensitive she was. Moving From Brothel to Brothel. The initial destinations of trafficking victims are rarely final; while some women and girls do stay in one brothel for a year or more, many of those we interviewed were frequently moved around by the owners.

She then moved to Rong Ram 48 for two months and Rong Ram 84 for three months. All four brothels appeared to be run by either a single owner or a network of owners who among them employed five hundred girls, most of them Thai. In another case, "Yin Yin", aged twenty-one, decided to Prostitutes Ranong work in Thailand in Accompanied by two other girls and her mother, she traveled from a village in Muang Piak to the district town of Taichelek Burma.

From there, they went by car to an agent in Mae Sai. She stayed with the agent for two days, then was taken by a policeman, together with the two girls from her village, to Chiangrai. They stayed overnight at a temple. The next morning, "Yin Yin", her two Prostitutes Ranong, the agent from Mae Sai, a driver, and the owner of a brothel in Bangkok called the Pai Mai Tea Shop, drove by van to the tea shop. The owner then sent her and one other girl to another brothel he owned in Borai on the Cambodian border, opposite the Khmer Rouge-controlled town of Pailin.

She was in Prostitutes Ranong for six Prostitutes Ranong before being taken back to Bangkok -- by the original agent from Mae Sai -- to the Dao Kanong brothel where she stayed Prostitutes Ranong six or seven months. Of the three women we interviewed who entered Thailand from Kawthaung and were delivered to brothels Prostitutes Ranong Ranong, none received any money in advance. The three Prostitutes Ranong they received no Prostitutes Ranong at all from either the agent or owner. None of the women we interviewed had been forcibly kidnapped, but we obtained enough information from other sources to suggest that the practice is not uncommon.

In Junefor example, police from the Crime Suppression Division raided a brothel in Ranong's Muang District and "rescued" twenty-five women, most of them Burmese. Two of the women were sisters who, intending to go shopping, had hired a motorcycle to take them to the Ranong market. The motorcycle driver abducted the two and sold them to a brothel. According to a police report filed by the girls' uncle, they were forced to work and threatened with death by the pimps if they tried to escape.

She had been working in Thai brothels since she was ten. She said that she had been looking after a water buffalo near her home when a man grabbed her and put her in a car, then took her to Keng Tung.

Because she was kidnapped, the owner apparently thought she would try to leave, so she was kept locked up whenever she was not working. As noted above, entertainment places, such as massage parlors, bars and night clubs are considered legal Prostitutes Ranong registered with the government.

The girls and women working there have some ability to Prostitutes Ranong the terms of their employment and the nature of the Prostitutes Ranong with their clients. Brothels, which can Prostitutes Ranong from seven or eight girls in the back of a noodle shop to a multi-story building with over a hundred workers, Prostitutes Ranong, by contrast, illegal.

In the brothels, the owners use a combination of threats, force, debt bondage and physical confinement to control the women and girls, force them to work in deplorable, abusive conditions, and eliminate any possibility of negotiation or escape. Those seeking to flee legitimately fear capture and punishment by the owners or agents, arrest for illegal immigration or prostitution Prostitutes Ranong abduction and resale to another brothel owner.

The clients of the Burmese we interviewed Prostitutes Ranong predominantly Thai, but included foreign workers from Prostitutes Ranong countries such as Burma, Cambodia and Malaysia. According to our interviews, only when the girls were sold as virgins for high prices were clients from wealthier countries involved. Many of the Burmese women and girls are sold to agents of the brothels by friends or relatives who themselves may be unaware of the nature or conditions of their employment.

As noted above, the payment they get from the agent becomes the core of a debt which Prostitutes Ranong women must pay off through prostitution before they are allowed to return home. The debt, often compounded with one hundred percent interest, is the cornerstone of the control exercised by the Prostitutes Ranong owners and Prostitutes Ranong over the women and girls.

None of the women and girls we interviewed Prostitutes Ranong the nature or extent Prostitutes Ranong their debt. It had never been explained to them. In most cases, they had no idea how much they owed nor could they explain to us the terms of repayment. Debt Bondage. Debt bondage is one of a number of slavery-related Prostitutes Ranong set forth and defined in the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of The Convention defines debt bondage as the status or condition arising from a promise made by an Prostitutes Ranong person to provide personal services or the services of a third party where the length and nature Prostitutes Ranong the services are not limited or defined or the reasonable value of the services are not applied to the debt.

Debt bondage is also prohibited by Prostitutes Ranong law on forced labor 91 and by Section of the Thai Penal Code which states that.

Whoever dishonestly induces, by means of deception, ten persons upwards to perform any kind of work for him or for a third person with intent not to pay wages or renumeration to such person, or with intent to pay such persons lower wages or renumeration than those agreed upon shall be punished Prostitutes Ranong imprisonment not exceeding three years or Prostitutes Ranong not exceeding six thousand baht, or both.

Yet despite these clear prohibitions every Burmese woman and girl we interviewed reported this abuse. For most of the women interviewed, that debt appeared to consist of the amount they received from an agent of the brothel owner at the Thai-Burmese border, Prostitutes Ranong transport, protection money or payoffs to police and other officials and any advances given for clothing or other personal items.

None of the Burmese girls or women we interviewed Prostitutes Ranong of the arrangements between the brothel owner and the agents, but they assumed the "interest" was at least in part the agent's profit. Many of those interviewed had no idea how much money was exchanged and as a consequence had no idea how much they were indebted.

All of the Burmese were continually reminded that not only did they have to pay off their debt, but also whatever living expenses they Prostitutes Ranong unable Prostitutes Ranong meet from their meager tips. Some women never knew how much they earned, how much they Prostitutes Ranong supposed to earn, or what the terms for repayment of the debt were. For example. She did keep Prostitutes Ranong of how much she had earned, but assumed that she and the owner would settle accounts at the end of the year.

They were mostly against undisciplined sex workers, who like to talk over their mobile phone while working.

Another woman, "Sein Sein," who was sent to Bangkok when she was sixteen years old, had a similar arrangement. At the time she was arrested, she had worked five months, serving ten to fifteen clients a day, and was sure she Prostitutes Ranong paid off her initial debt, but there were no accounts to prove it.

Some of the women had a vague understanding that they would have to work for a specific length of time to pay off the debt. She thought she was supposed to receive a third of the income from her clients, but when she was arrested after two months, all of her share was still going to pay off the debt. The owner of the brothel warned "Chit Chit" that she had to stay one year or else he would follow her back to her village, get her back and beat her.

She was so frightened she never even asked him to settle the accounts. She had no idea when she left for Thailand that she had effectively been sold into prostitution until she arrived at the brothel, where she was Prostitutes Ranong a number and Prostitutes Ranong to go sit in a windowed room.

Not only were Prostitutes Ranong girls or women never told the terms of their debt, but also every worker was different: no consistent share or percentage was established for all workers within a brothel.

Only two of the thirty women and girls we interviewed had been able to settle their accounts with the owner, despite the fact that some had worked in brothels for years. All were simply waiting to be told their debts were paid and hoping they would have some extra money saved from tips to pay for Prostitutes Ranong transportation costs to return home.

Instead, she found herself in a brothel in Bangkok. She got a red plastic chip from each client and was told that Prostitutes Ranong debt would be paid off Prostitutes Ranong 1, chips. She also understood that one- third of the clients' fee would go toward debt repayment, and Prostitutes Ranong she would have to work about seven months to clear the debt. After eight months, she was told her debt was paid. The calculations here are instructive. If "Than Than" had 1, clients over eight months, that means she had about a month or about five men a night, assuming a twenty-five-day working month.

Prostitutes Ranong "Than Than" had been getting one third of the income and her debt remained steady, she should have been able to repay her debt after two months. If, as was the case for many Prostitutes Ranong the girls, the debt was doubled Prostitutes Ranong include "interest", she still Prostitutes Ranong have been able to repay it in four months. Using 1, chips as the Prostitutes Ranong of repayment meant either that Than Than's debt was not doubled but quadrupled by the owner, or that her share of the income was -- at best -- about eight percent.

The Burmese women and girls we interviewed were determined to pay off their debt as quickly as possible, Prostitutes Ranong that it was the only way to get home. In addition to the enforced Prostitutes Ranong with the brothel owner's demands, therefore, there was also a financial incentive to Prostitutes Ranong as many clients as possible, do what they demanded, work every day possible, accept long hours Prostitutes Ranong avoid any additional expenses that might be added to their debt, especially health care with its unpredictable costs.

The following cases are typical. Most of her clients Prostitutes Ranong police, soldiers, border patrol and other men in uniform as the brothel was located in Borai along the Thai-Cambodian border.

As a result, "Yin Yin" believed she was in debt again, even though she had no way of knowing whether her mother really did take more money, and no idea what to do if the owner was lying. The owner then transferred her to another brothel, this time in Bangkok, where she had to work for another six to seven months before she was arrested.

She had never discussed her accounts with the owner, she said, because she was too afraid and did not dare to ask Prostitutes Ranong. All she could think of was to pay back the Prostitutes Ranong and get home. It never occurred to her to escape because she had no idea where she was, even after three months in the brothel.

She also did not speak Thai, and she had Prostitutes Ranong money. In two cases, Burmese girls we interviewed said they were able to send some money back to Prostitutes Ranong families, over and above their original advances, but in neither case was it clear whether this money constituted "earnings" or an addition to their debt. The girls clearly believed it was the latter.

In one of those cases. She was taken to a brothel in Samut Sakhon where there were about ten girls aged fourteen to twenty and was given to understand that she would receive fifty percent of the profits. If the girls really received Prostitutes Ranong of the gross, they would have been doing well by Thai standards, but they received Prostitutes Ranong of the kind.

The debt bondage of the Burmese women and girls is enforced by their near total confinement to the Prostitutes Ranong premises. Such confinement violates Article 9 of Prostitutes Ranong International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which provides that no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of liberty, a norm that has achieved the standing customary international Prostitutes Ranong. It also violates Section of the Thai Penal Code which states that.

Whoever detains or confines any person, or by any other means, deprives such person of liberty of person shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding three years or fine not Prostitutes Ranong six thousand baht, or both.

If the commission of the offence according to the first paragraph causes death or grievous bodily harm to the person detained, confined or deprived of the liberty of person, the offender shall be punished as provided in SectionSection or Section The Prostitutes Ranong women and girls we interviewed were Prostitutes Ranong in the brothels on terms Prostitutes Ranong clearly constitute illegal confinement. They were generally not allowed to leave the brothel or its immediate surroundings without escorts.

They were threatened with a range of consequences should they Prostitutes Ranong to do so. The brothel owner often reminded the girls and women of the extent of his network and the support of Prostitutes Ranong police who could trace the women if they left before their debt was paid.

Given that they generally had no knowledge of the amount they owed or the terms for repayment, they rarely ventured very far outside. With few exceptions, the Burmese were unable to communicate with anyone outside of the brothel and its clients. In many cases, telephone and mail communication was banned by the brothel owner.

She did, however, manage to sneak letters to her relatives in Mae Sai through the post office. Another woman, "Yin Yin", received a telephone call from her mother. She was allowed to speak, but with the owner standing by listening. None of the other interviewees had any communication with their families, and many would not have known how to use the telephone if they had been allowed to do so nor knew anyone with a telephone whom they could call.

The inability to send mail also meant that even when the women were able to save some Prostitutes Ranong, they were unable to send it back to their families in Burma. For Prostitutes Ranong of Prostitutes Ranong women and girls Prostitutes Ranong had been their major motivation for going to Thailand in the first place. The primary concern of every Burmese woman and girl was to avoid getting arrested, imprisoned and deported as an illegal immigrant.

Most did not dare leave the brothel or the immediate surroundings for fear of being arrested or sold to another brothel that might not know how to get them back home. Prostitutes Ranong tried to avoid speaking so no one would know they were not Thai.

Those interviewed claimed their fears were constantly reinforced by the brothel owner, agents and pimps. They were told of the terrible conditions of the Thai immigration jails, abuse during deportations and frequent arrests by Prostitutes Ranong officials upon return to Burma. Many of those interviewed said the news reports in April of SLORC's use of cyanide injections to Prostitutes Ranong HIV positive Burmese women returning from Thailand were used by brothel owners and pimps to scare Prostitutes Ranong into staying at the brothel.

The reports have never been confirmed. The Burmese girls and women believed that only the owner and his network, which included police, could get them home safely. She was told she could not leave the brothel because she was too new. Then you will have to go to prison and never get home.

She was afraid of the police, and the owner always told her if she left, someone else would catch her, sell her again, and she would never be able to get home. She tried to leave once, but the Prostitutes Ranong found her and brought her back. Unlike the brothels in Bangkok, where the owners play on the women's and girls' fear to keep them in thrall, the brothels in Ranong use armed force and other instruments of physical control. Three brothels raided in July were surrounded by electrified barbed wire.

Guards of a brothel in the city of Ranong raided in carried guns. In Juneafter another raid in Ranong, police said that the three Thais and thirty-three Burmese women working there "had been confined to Prostitutes Ranong rooms in the compound Prostitutes Ranong the brothel which was fenced in with barbed wire and live electrical wires. The combination of debt bondage and illegal confinement renders the employment of the Burmese women and girls tantamount to forced labor, defined by the ILO as "All work or service which is exacted from any person under Prostitutes Ranong menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily.

In large measure, the brothel owners are profiting off the repeated rape and sexual assault of the Burmese women and girls, sometimes over long periods Prostitutes Ranong time. The Thai Penal Code contains articles which, had they been enforced, would have permitted the prosecution of brothel owners, agents, pimps and clients for this crime.

As noted above, Section of the Thai Penal Code penalizes any person "having sexual intercourse with any women Section outlaws "obscene acts" committed against anyone over fifteen "in the circumstances that resistance is impossible.

Many of the Burmese we interviewed talked at great length about losing their virginity by rape in the brothels. The brothels typically Prostitutes Ranong of a "selection" room or hong du ; a room for virgins or children hong bud boree sut, literally, the "room to unveil virgins" ; and a series of cubicles where the clients can take the girls.

The "selection" room consists of a window behind which girls with numbers sit on a bench. The girl selected has no right to refuse her client nor does she have any control over how many clients she must take. Girls and women who Prostitutes Ranong been in the brothel for years still spoke in detail about their first days in the brothel, how they tried to resist, the force used against them, how much it hurt, and how they could not stop crying.

The following cases are typical:. He took her to a hotel on Petchaburi Road in Bangkok and raped her while the man's wife waited Prostitutes Ranong a car outside. It was very painful, and "Tar Tar" said she screamed until she was unconscious. She thought because Prostitutes Ranong room was so big and expensive, no one could hear her.

She was in pain and felt a terrible burning, but the next day, she was sent to a fifty-year-old man. She tried to refuse, but the brothel owner said Prostitutes Ranong had Prostitutes Ranong get used to it.

She tried to escape, but the Prostitutes Ranong slapped Prostitutes Ranong and held her back. She finally ran out of the room. Two pimps and the owner came and caught her.

All three beat her. Another Burmese there told her to be quiet and try to do as she was told so she did not get killed. After that the owner beat "Myo Myo " often, and she said she had to agree to everything. When "Tin Tin" was first brought by an agent to the Sanae brothel in Klong Yai, along the Cambodian border, she tried to refuse to work as a prostitute. The owner constantly reminded her of the amount she owed him.

She said she saw others who tried to refuse slapped in the face, and hit hard. After that, she never dared to say no to a client or leave the room before he did. She saw Prostitutes Ranong girls come out before a client, and the pimps beat them. During the first month, she was sold to four different clients as a virgin. She said she never agreed to have sex, that it was all forced. After the first week, she had to take as Prostitutes Ranong clients as the other girls, but instead Prostitutes Ranong being given a number and sitting in the windowed room, she was kept with other young children on a bench in Prostitutes Ranong back room.

When "Myint Myint" was seventeen years old she was brought to Mae Sai by her brother and a friend who said she could get work washing dishes. She was brought to a brothel in Bangkok, and for the first month, did in fact work washing dishes at the owner's house adjoining the brothel.

Every day, the owner kept telling her that she was not making any money, and she would never be able to pay back her debt until she started working at Prostitutes Ranong "hotel. A fifteen-year-old girl taken to a brothel in Songkhla said she was given a drug and raped while she was Prostitutes Ranong. She only remembers waking up with no clothes on. It hurt so much she passed out, and the brothel owner later beat Prostitutes Ranong with a stick.

For girls fifteen years old or younger, the sexual intercourse they experience in Prostitutes Ranong brothels always constitutes rape, and clients should be held accountable for it. Brothel owners also are liable under the Penal Code for having assisted or facilitated the commission of this offense and should be punishable for two thirds of the penalty for statutory rape.

However, rape and sexual assault are not restricted to under age girls or to the women and girls' initial experiences in the brothels. The combination of debt bondage, illegal confinement and the threat or use of physical abuse force the women and girls into sexual slavery. Many of those we interviewed made clear that they were forced to have sex for the duration of their time in the brothel. Refusal to service clients often resulted in Prostitutes Ranong beating, warnings about defaulting on their debt or threats of Prostitutes Ranong as illegal immigrants.

Long after she was first raped, for example. Eventually, she realized that the more she cooperated, the sooner it would be over.

She explained that the debt meant that none of the girls or women could refuse a client. Once one of her friends tried to refuse a client and the next day everyone got beaten. Some of the girls were hit in the face and had swollen mouths. In July 14,when Burmese girls and women were "rescued" from three brothels in Ranong, Victoria, Wida and Sontayaone twenty-seven-year-old woman who was six months pregnant said she was still being forced to have sex with clients.

A woman named Mu Mu, aged twenty-four, who Prostitutes Ranong three months pregnant, was beaten by pimps in the Wida brothel to bring on a miscarriage after she refused to have sex with a client. She was reportedly hit on the Prostitutes Ranong with a club and punched in the stomach until she began to bleed.

She was taken to a hospital on a motorcycle by her colleagues, and was in critical condition at the end of July.

Similar accounts came from women in Ranong after raids in Nilni, Prostitutes Ranong Burmese women aged twenty, told police that she was forced to have sex within three days of leaving a local clinic where she had given birth to a baby girl. The repeated threat Prostitutes Ranong use of force by brothel owners to compel the women and girls to have sex with the clients not only renders them in some instances accomplices to Prostitutes Ranong rape, but in every single case constitutes a clear violation of the penal law Prostitutes Ranong procurement for the purposes of prostitution.

This law not only penalizes the initial act of procurement, both forcible and not, by which the women and girls are first recruited into prostitution, but punishes such procurement "to service the wanton desires of another Nearly every Burmese girl and woman interviewed had to be available to work between ten to fourteen hours a day with a only few days off each month during their menstruation. Some explained that they could get time off if they were very sick or sore, but they only dared request such days if absolutely necessary.

Those interviewed had Prostitutes Ranong average of ten clients a day some with as many as twenty on weekends with no means to negotiate who their clients were or what they did with them. Compliance was often obtained by threats and beatings from the Prostitutes Ranong owner and pimps. The girls and women could also be hired out for the entire day or night. Those interviewed talked of feeling vulnerable and frightened in these situations.

Some girls reported that friends they knew in the brothels were in fact stolen through such arrangements and never heard of again. However, because of the owner's fear that his Prostitutes Ranong could be stolen and sold elsewhere, he were usually careful about which clients he allowed to take the Prostitutes Ranong and girls out of Prostitutes Ranong brothel. As noted above, most women lived Prostitutes Ranong slept in the same cubicles where they took their clients.

The Ranong brothels raided in July were particularly bad:. Each of the cubicles, measuring two by two-and-a-half meters contained a cement bunk where the Prostitutes Ranong were forced to prostitute themselves.

Hidden doors, concealed by secret passageways where the girls could be hidden in case of Prostitutes Ranong raid The stench of the place Prostitutes Ranong terrible. There were no proper toilets. It was a hell hole. This forced them to rely heavily on tips from their clients to supplement their income. They had to Prostitutes Ranong for all their expenses including food and health care. The amount given by the owner was hardly enough for food, especially as they had no opportunities to go to the market or cook and had to purchase ready made from nearby shops.

There were also personal expenses of soap, shampoo and other toiletries. Those Prostitutes Ranong often Prostitutes Ranong putting off visits to doctors because they were not sure how much they would have to pay, and not purchasing medicine unless it was absolutely necessary.

If they were unable to pay, they feared the amount of the bill would be added to their debt. She had to do whatever the clients wanted and never refused them. This was not enough for survival. She worked every day except when she was menstruating. Sometimes when she was very sore, she asked to stop for a few days, but she tried to work as much as possible so she could pay off her debt and go home.

She told us, "The owner knows he doesn't have to physically force us. One girl from Keng Tung, seventeen years old, was taken to a brothel in Hat Yai in the south, and described to an NGO worker in Chiangmai how dirty, sweaty and smelly her clients were.

;) Ice Bar @Ranong

She did not want to sleep with any of them, but the owner beat her if she refused. She said she asked them to take a bath first, Prostitutes Ranong they would not agree. Provision of health care in the brothels is sporadic at best, and in most cases non-existent. In six out of nineteen different brothels where women we interviewed had Prostitutes Ranong, they reported routine contact with health care providers, but this was primarily to provide birth control and test for sexually transmitted diseases STDsincluding AIDS.

Most brothels have minor medications and creams available for their employees, often for a price. Serious illnesses usually go untreated.

When we interviewed "Myo Myo" at the Old Victoria brothel in Ranong, she was very thin and yellow Prostitutes Ranong had a high fever. In the three years she had been there, she had never been to a clinic or seen a doctor. All of the girls and women we interviewed who had been trafficked from Burma were provided contraceptives by the brothel owners; it was clearly in the owners' interest to Prostitutes Ranong their workers did not get pregnant. The women and girls we interviewed Prostitutes Ranong mostly given Prostitutes Ranong three of those who had worked at the Dao Prostitutes Ranong brothel in Bangkok had depo-prevera injections from a doctor or health worker who came to the brothel.

One girl in Ranong was given injections by the owner's wife. The women and Prostitutes Ranong themselves appeared to have no choice of which contraceptives they would be given nor did they understand how they worked. In at least one case, the owner found it in his interest to keep the girls from menstruating so that there would be no excuse to stop work during the month.

He did this apparently by giving them improper instructions for taking the pills and never allowing them to take the one week placebo pill for menstruation. In a group of twenty-one Burmese women at one shelter in Chiangmai, interviewed by a local NGO between andeight women were given pills by the Prostitutes Ranong owner, four were given injections, one had to buy pills herself and one received Prostitutes Ranong.

Information on the other seven was unclear. One of the women given pills took three Prostitutes Ranong four a day; she was never told how to use them. A girl of twelve who was given pills started hemorraghing shortly thereafter, but the brothel owner would not take her to a doctor.

None of the thirty women and girls Prostitutes Ranong interviewed had become pregnant themselves. Among those trafficked in through Mae Sai, only one girl mentioned a colleague having gotten pregnant, a Shan woman who, once her pregnancy was discovered, was kept in the brothel owner's house.

He arranged a marriage for her so she could deliver the baby in a hospital without questions being asked. Abortions are illegal in Thailand, but are widely available in back rooms and local clinics. Among the group of twenty-one women interviewed by a local NGO at Prostitutes Ranong shelter in Chiangmai, one girl, aged fifteen, became pregnant two months after her arrival.

She wanted an abortion, but the brothel owner would not permit it. He Prostitutes Ranong if she had a boy, he would keep it, and if it was a girl, he would give the baby away. Ranong is a different story. In Julya highly publicized raid led to the "rescue" of Burmese women and girls. Twenty thirteen percent were found to Prostitutes Ranong pregnant. In one brothel in Ranong studied by Hnin Hnin Pyne, six out Prostitutes Ranong twenty-four women were pregnant.

Two of them had abortions at the local hospital, and for one of the two, it was her third abortion. Within a week of giving birth, they had to be back at work, either as a receptionist, a cleaner or a kind of housemistress for the other women. Their babies were usually sold by the brothel owner.

"Final solution" in Myanmar?

It is not clear Prostitutes Ranong the pregnancy rate is higher in Ranong than in other provinces in Prostitutes Ranong because of the generally harsher conditions there. Some of the NGO staff working closely with these Prostitutes Ranong explained to us that girls and women in Ranong believed that if they had a child they would be released.

Thus, they tried to get pregnant. The Burmese women and girls we interviewed were more likely to contract HIV than to become pregnant, however. Nineteen of the thirty girls we interviewed had been tested for HIV in Pakkret reformatory.

Of these, fourteen were found to be HIV positive. Since most, if not all, had come to Thailand as virgins, they were most likely infected by their clients.

Prostitutes Ranong, Hookers in Ranong, Thailand

The report was edited by Thomas and Jones. As a result, at the close of the twentieth century, female sexual slavery, which involves the transport and sale of women into forced prostitution, servile forms of marriage and other forms of compulsory sexual service is widely and increasingly practiced, not only in Thailand but also in many other parts of the world.

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